@Article{BackerSKBCAGGFS:2021:AsLaIn,
               author = "Backer, Jessica C. A. and Souza, Dayana Castilho de and Kubota, 
                         Paulo Yoshio and Buermann, Wolfgang and Coelho, Caio Augusto dos 
                         Santos and Andrews, Martin B. and Gloor, Manuel and Garcia 
                         Carreras, Luis and Figueroa, Silvio Nilo and Spracklen, Dmonick 
                         V.",
          affiliation = "{University of Leeds} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {University of Leeds} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Met Office Hadley Centre} and 
                         {University of Leeds} and {University of Manchester} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University 
                         of Leeds}",
                title = "An Assessment of Land-Atmosphere Interactions over South America 
                         Using Satellites, Reanalysis, and Two Global Climate Models",
              journal = "Journal of Hydrometeorology",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "22",
               number = "4",
                pages = "905--922",
                month = "Apr.",
             keywords = "Amazon region, Land surface, Vegetation-atmosphere interactions, 
                         Feedback, Model evaluation, performance, Atmosphere-land 
                         interaction.",
             abstract = "n South America, land-atmosphere interactions have an important 
                         impact on climate, particularly the regional hydrological cycle, 
                         but detailed evaluation of these processes in global climate 
                         models has been limited. Focusing on the satellite-era period of 
                         2003-14, we assess land-atmosphere interactions on annual to 
                         seasonal time scales over South America in satellite products, a 
                         novel reanalysis (ERA5-Land), and two global climate models: the 
                         Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model version 1.2 (BAM-1.2) and the 
                         U.K. Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3). 
                         We identify key features of South American land-atmosphere 
                         interactions represented in satellite and model datasets, 
                         including seasonal variation in coupling strength, large-scale 
                         spatial variation in the sensitivity of evapotranspiration to 
                         surface moisture, and a dipole in evaporative regime across the 
                         continent. Differences between products are also identified, with 
                         ERA5-Land, HadGEM3, and BAM-1.2 showing opposite interactions to 
                         satellites over parts of the Amazon and the Cerrado and stronger 
                         land-atmosphere coupling along the North Atlantic coast. Where 
                         models and satellites disagree on the strength and direction of 
                         land-atmosphere interactions, precipitation biases and 
                         misrepresentation of processes controlling surface soil moisture 
                         are implicated as likely drivers. These results show where 
                         improvement of model processes could reduce uncertainty in the 
                         modeled climate response to land-use change, and highlight where 
                         model biases could unrealistically amplify drying or wetting 
                         trends in future climate projections. Finally, HadGEM3 and BAM-1.2 
                         are consistent with the median response of an ensemble of nine 
                         CMIP6 models, showing they are broadly representative of the 
                         latest generation of climate models.",
                  doi = "10.1175/JHM-D-20-0132.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-20-0132.1",
                 issn = "1525-755X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "[15257541 - Journal of Hydrometeorology] An Assessment of 
                         Land–Atmosphere Interactions over South America Using Satellites, 
                         Reanalysis, and Two Global Climate Models.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}